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For Sandoval, this was the lighting of an inmates cigarette, a task perceived in the outside world as nonthreatening, but inside the walls of a prison, a very dangerous act. At about 7:30 pm in the evening at the Darrington Unit day room in Rosharon, TX three Texas Mexican Mafia members Lloyd Vasquez, Jose Arturo Garcia, and Albert Carrillo were all fatally stabbed by Texas Syndicate members Lee R. Castro and Rogelio Cantu who were detained afterwards. In October 2004, the FBI arrested 22 men who worked for it. The murder involved a cocaine deal gone badly. Some 3,700 people died over the course of the four-decade conflict. Two Texas Syndicate gang members were sentenced today to a combined 50 years in prison for drug trafficking in Lubbock, announced U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas Erin Nealy Cox. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 2004, The Raza Unida and Texas Syndicate settle on a truce. Concerning "loyalty", "honor" and family (blood relations and marriage being very important) most of the Albanian networks seem to be "old-fashioned". Fourteen died and 13 . The Texas Syndicate's activities include drug trafficking, extortion, prostitution, protection, gambling, and contract murder. The Texas Syndicate or Syndicato Tejano was the first prison gang to heavily impact the prison system in Texas. In " We Own the Night "; A final drug transaction is made with the Albanian Mafia. Formed in the California prison system in the 1970s by incarcerated Tejanos, the Texas Syndicate sought protection against Californios. "The Albanian Mafia seems to have established good working relationships with the Italian Mafia". This was the blood in and blood out membership oath which stipulated that membership was predicated on members either assaulting or murdering someone which was tasked by the prison gang to get in. The expiration of membership or getting out only occurred upon the members death. The cycle of predatory violence against non-gang members had continued to historically breed new prison gangs. Bloody Sunday happened twice. Inmates used this perceived racial brotherhood to manipulate Sandoval for the gains of the prison gangs illegal activity by initiating the common process in prisons called downing the duck (Bedard, 2013). The Rudaj Organization , also called "The Corporation", was a well known Albanian criminal organization operating in the New York City metro area. Reporters tried to investigate the roots of Albanian organized crime but have complained that it is too hard to penetrate the structure and organization of the Albanian mafia, but set out that the Albanian mafia acts on the model of the Italian one, whose crime is part of the "activities of entire families" and which has a clearly defined hierarchy. Seventeen Texas Syndicate gang members living across Central Texas were arrested after federal authorities uncovered a methamphetamine and heroin trafficking operation, according to a news. Italians. PHOTO: Crowd of petitioners, led by Father Gapon, near Narva Gate, St. Petersburg. Copyright 2011, National Center for Gang Training, USA. Ethnicity and state identity likewise impacted Luis H. Sandovals relationships with inmates. In 1991, for example, a prison guard who worked at the Ellis I unit where Sandoval had once worked was indicted with drug muling. In fact, from roughly 1986 to 1991, the special prison prosecution unit charged at least sixty Texas prison guards with felony offenses (Draper, 1991). The Texas Syndicate's activities include drug trafficking, extortion, prostitution, protection, gambling, and contract murder. At this point Sandoval, along with other guards, or staff members became the duck and were now leveraged against by the inmates as the victims or co-conspirators dug themselves deeper into the clutches of the inmates bidding as a representative of a prison gang. When boss Vito Genovese was imprisoned in the late 1950s, various influential members began running the crime family through a ruling panel/committee . Their options were either possibly losing their job, or continue assisting the inmates and they would remain silent. The name Rudaj comes from the boss of the organization. Released or parole members who generate money for the Texas Syndicate must surrender a 10% tax ("the dime") of all proceeds toward the gang in prison. On Jan. 30, 1972, in the Northern Ireland town of Derry, a peaceful march involving 15,000 civil-rights marchers turned violent when British troops fired on the protesters. Travis McDonald, the primary prosecutor for the states recently developed prosecution unit headed this charge against crime inside of prisons. Prior to the creation of this new prosecutorial arm of the Texas prison system, individual prison units handled internal criminal or objectionable acts and handed out punishment that they perceived fitting for the crime outside the confines of courtrooms. Sunday, 9 November 1952 should be remembered as a day of infamy in South Africa's history, but few know of a brutal massacre when police opened fire on people at an ANC Youth League event in . The War was between the Sicilian Morello-Terranova family and Brooklyn Camorra gangs led by Pellegrino Morano. High ranking Texas Syndicate member Ricardo "Serrucho" Ortiz is given the death penalty for his involvement in the crime. Lastly, he had finally gotten to the point where they tasked him with muling drugs into the prison and participating in package drop-offs that likely contained illegal drugs to be brought into the prison units. With the lack of social mobility due to economic constraints, Mexican Americans were forced into what limited opportunities were afforded to them. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1980, the Texas Syndicate gain full control of the prison systems drug trade after the practice of using building tenders to assist guards is ruled out by a Civil court. In July 2007, Texas Syndicate members murder Marcelino "Mars" Rodriguez Torres in Mc Allen, Texas after the gang suspects Rodriguez is a police informant. They are said to be present in every big city in Britain as well as many smaller ones including Telford and Lancaster , after having fought off rival criminals in turf wars. He ultimately lost his job, his wife divorced him, he was in a car crash during this period that left him in debt and suffering from the injuries. However, Sandoval later recanted the statements he made to Draper concerning these acts. Draper, Richard. South Texas Syndicate estimated lease property, in the most recent month of production (10-01-2022), produced 159 bbls of oil and 0 mcf of natural gas. In 1993, the Barrio Azteca brutally beat and murder a Texas Syndicate member in the El Paso county jail causing the Texas Syndicate to alliance it's self with the Mexikanemi. Later, they would become affiliated with Cosa Nostra crime families before eventually growing strong enough to operate their own organizations under the Iliazi family name. The prosecution of Sandoval occurred through a new development in the Texas prison system. (El Paso Times), In 2007, 23 Texas Syndicate members are arrested in cities all over the state of Texas on drug trafficking charges. People here dont want to believe a guard would do something like that (McKay, 1991). Zef Mustafa : Albanian Mafia kingpin based out of New York. Prison gangs were generally very isolated and closed off to non-members which generally also meant separation from non-ethnic members. Bloody Sunday proved to be a turning point in the civil rights movement that led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. According to Ioannis Michaletos, the family structure is characterized by a strong inner discipline, which is achieved by a means of punishment for every deviation from the internal rules, so that the fear should guarantee an unconditional loyalty to the family, with the provisions of the official laws considered to be secondary, not important and non-binding. After this incident Sandoval soon realized it was the inmates who ran the prison, not the guards, and surely not the state of Texas. While Italian gangsters may be three or four generations removed from the old country, the Albanians grew up under brutal communist regimes, engaging in protracted blood feuds with rival clans, and subscribing to a strict code of silence that makes the Italian credo of omert seem playful. Bloody Sunday happened at the very beginning of 1972, which proved to be horrendous - the worst year of the Troubles, with almost 500 people killed. The issues of guards becoming corrupted continued and continues well into the 2010s. It had huge implications, not just for people in Northern Ireland but also for Anglo-Irish affairs, which were reaching one of the most difficult points. United States "On the streets where the Italian Mob once ruled, a new syndicate was taking over, run by tough, ambitious Albanian immigrants, who still clump to a code of silence." How. 50 Years On, Bloody Sunday's Wounds Are Still Felt - The New York Times. Like Sandoval, many inmates were both Mexican Americans and Texas residents, thus a sense of comfortability existed between inmate and guard. This influenced who the prison gang incorporated into their monetary endeavors. Bloody Sunday, which took place on Sunday, 9 January 1905, constitutes, even today, one of the most misrepresented events in the history of Russia. Along with this, something else was happening. Fifty-two prisoners were murdered in a 21-month period that became known as the "war years." Over 50 different gangs were represented in our study. Crim. The Texas Syndicate, more than La Eme or Nuestra Familia, has been more associated or allied with Mexican immigrant prisoners, such as the "Border Brothers", while La Eme and the NF tend to be more composed of US-born/raised Hispanics. (Associated Press), In July 2007, police find the burned body of a Marcelino Mars Torres in Hidalgo County. We haven't found a single catalogue or brochure for travelling at the agency, computers were not operating, nor has the printer been ever used. The fight was merely a distraction. Even while considering the institutions perception of the strength of prison gangs, they still largely lacked broad exploration in historical scholarship. On February 2007, high ranking Texas Syndicate member Ernesto Medrano is sentenced to life in prison for using U.S. military flights to transport hundreds of kilos of cocaine from Columbia to Fort, Bliss Texas. PHOTO: Crowd of petitioners, led by Father Gapon, near Narva Gate, St. Petersburg. 8/21/2008) (Tex. The group planned to march to the state capitol in Montgomery, 54 miles away, to protest of the February 26 murder of Jimmy Lee . On Sunday, March 7, 1965, time stopped and blood spilled as brave and righteous Americans sought to cross a bridge named after a Klansman in Selma . Just a day later, at the Ramsey II Unit on September 9, 1985 a disturbance occurred which consisted of two inmates in the process of a fight. On January 30, 1972, British soldiers stationed in the Northern Irish city of Derry opened fire on crowds of unarmed civilian protesters, killing 13, mortally wounding another, and injuring 15 others with unprecedented brutality. The murder came as a result of the Gulf Cartel hiring the Texas Syndicate to kidnap Serrano from his home in Texas and take him to cartel members in Mexico. He convened a meeting at which members voted to have Arredondo killed, according to prosecutor Tuck Tucker (Fair, 1991). Russians. (El Paso Times), In 1994, Barrio Azteca members murder a Texas Syndicate member at the Wallace unit in Colorado City, Texas. Infiltration into these groups is thus very difficult. The Selma Bridge Crossing Jubilee marks the 56th anniversary of Bloody Sunday . Bloody Sunday in Derry, January 30 . The Azteca's murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. Between 1961 and 1964, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) had led a voting registration campaign in Selma, the seat of Dallas County, Alabama, a small town with a record of consistent resistance to black voting. In Liberty City the Albanian mob holds a stronghold in the Little Bay section of Bohan. This included its leader Alex Rudaj , and effectively ended the criminal organization. Jessica Corbett Feb 20, 2023 Rent $3.99 Buy $12.99 Away from his home and in a foreign environment, it was easy for him to fall in and develop relations with them. In Games The videogame Grand Theft Auto IV features the "Petrela gang" a small crew of Albanian shylocks and goods smugglers. (Draper, 1991) Texas prisons were mostly gang-free until bloody battles broke out in 1984-85 between the Mexican Mafia and Texas Syndicate as well as the Aryan Brotherhood and Mandingo Warriors. Mexican Americans did not hold many of these positions, if any at all. They had entered in the territory of Lucchese crime family in Astoria, Queens , New York, and are said to have even beaten up two made men in the Lucchese family. Their . The Azteca's murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. Agim Gashi : Leader of an Albanian Mafia clan based out of Italy. The larger pool of applicants paved the way for many new minority employees such as Mexican Americans to join the staff of the Texas prison system. He largely failed in attempts to procure streams of revenue, namely from drug trafficking for the Texas Syndicate. Bloody Sunday 2002 R 1 h 51 m IMDb RATING 7.6 /10 25K YOUR RATING Rate Drama History War A dramatization of the Irish civil rights protest march and subsequent massacre by British troops on January 30, 1972. They are used for the transfer of money from Germany which amounts to a billion of D-marks a year. The tension between Tejanos and Californios also illustrated the restrictive and complicated parameters of membership for prison gangs. Immediately after the trial, the community responded. And all he came down with was a five-year sentence (Riggs, 2011). The Aztecas murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. A lawsuit against the Texas prison system and Sandoval was underway by Arredondos family. Filed under: Gang Policies , Crime/Demographics , Criminal Prosecution . In the United States, Albanian gangs started to be active in the mid-80s, mostly participating in low-level crimes such as burglaries and robberies. All Rights Reserved. He further wrote, I am not the only one who worked there that knows that TDCJ is linked to the gangs and their illegal activities. The Texas Syndicate, a prison gang that operates in and outside of penitentiaries, is considered by state law-enforcement officials to be among the most dangerous criminal organizations in. Mexican Americans exist in a difficult space as a protected group under the White category but not Black, such as reflected in the ruling of Hernandez v. Texas. This simple action led to a massacre known as Bloody Sunday, and was the beginning of the 1905 Russian Revolution. Bloody Sunday, which took place on Sunday, 9 January 1905, constitutes, even today, one of the most misrepresented events in the history of Russia. The roots of its foundation were directly connected to prison gangs. He was twenty-one and she was fifteen. A mural in Derry commemorating Bloody Sunday. Dr. Liz Theoharis of the Poor People's Campaign. State identity also occurred as a form of othering by the California prison gangs which did not extend membership to non-Californios. Some of these punishments for example were longer durations behind bars, beatings enacted by the building tenders, or being sent to solitary confinement. Asian street gangs. bloody sunday Dem Leaders Urged to Mark Bloody Sunday by Acting on Voting Rights, Economic Justice "This is no time for foolishness, photo-ops, and flaky commitments," declares a letter from faith leaders including Bishop William Barber II and Rev. Southern Albanian groups also have good relationships with Sicilys Cosa Nostra "The Albanian criminals were special from the beginning," said Francesca Marcelli, an organized-crime investigator for the Italian government. This study provides exploration of the varying Mexican American experiences within prisons as victimized inmates, as stifled prison guards, and also as prison gangs or security threat groups who employed efforts to demonstrate their own autonomy, regardless of the problematic legal and ethical quandaries through prison gangs. The Morello-Terranova brothers soon started taking over the growing Little Italy in East Harlem, by using the Black Hand technique of extorting small business and running illegal gambling operations. This topic also continues to lack historical focus within mass incarceration and prison studies. H. Christoph/ullstein bild/Getty Images Young man shot by the British military on Bloody Sunday. Additionally, it is also crucial to highlight why Sandoval became a prison guard in the first place. Accessed on October 10, 2018. https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/a-guard-in-gangland/ NPS Photo The early spring of 1965 became the turning point in the tensely-waged struggle for voting rights throughout Alabama and the "deep South." Caught with at least $125 million in heroin, Lika issued a $400,000 contract on the prosecutor Alan Cohen and the detective Jack Delemore, both placed under protective custody. A former car dealership displays a graffiti representation of Bloody Sunday on its boarded facade. In the early 1960s, Anthony Salerno became one of the most powerful capos in the family. Robert Riggs Reports Blood In. Riggs, Robert. Bloody Sunday Marchers marching from Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church to Edmund Pettus Bridge on Sunday, March 7, 1965 (Bloody Sunday). They have been reported in the Federal Correctional Institute at Oakdale, Louisiana, and in San Quentin, California, with frequency. He became the first guard to be charged with homicide. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1986, Texas Syndicate members brutally murdered 3 Mexikanemi members in the Darrington Unit in Rosharon, Texas. According to The New York Times published on January 2006, "Beginning in the 1990s, the Corporation, led by a man named Alex Rudaj, established ties with established organized crime figures including members of the Gambino crime family , the authorities say. On the morning of November 21st, an elite assassination unit known as 'The Squad' mounted an operation planned by Michael Collins, Director of Intelligence of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). The panel consisted of acting/front boss Thomas "Tommy Ryan" Eboli, underboss Gerardo "Gerry" Catena and consigliere Michele "Big Mike" Miranda while others served in the advisory capacity, Mike Coppola was considered an influential capo and was used to help the panel. He could not return to employment at the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. How long must we sing this song? App., 2002), On June of 1997 Texas Syndicate and Barrio Azteca settle a truce and sign a peace agreement called the Manifesto. Bloody Sunday, demonstration in Londonderry (Derry), Northern Ireland, on Sunday, January 30, 1972, by Roman Catholic civil rights supporters that turned violent when British paratroopers opened fire, killing 13 and injuring 14 others (one of the injured later died). While the lawyers made their arguments for and against Sandovals case, Sandoval expressed the states impetus to charge him which he argued was based on an entirely different motivation. Both the Texas Syndicate and Mexikanemi team up against the Barrio Azteca. *Alfredo Aguilar is a doctoral candidate in the department of history at Texas Tech University, References For incarcerated Mexican Americans from Texas, Tejano identity was seen as an important component by the Texas Syndicate for admission. Two guards, Joel Lambright Jr. and Alex Torres, were also charged in 1994 with murder after Sandoval was charged and convicted (Smith, 1994). Thirteen. The gangs agree to revise the manifesto each year on May 5th. Stamps are also a form of currency within prisons. It simultaneously illustrated that race was crucial to membership, belonging, and trust, but it was also used as a predatory and manipulative tool to further advance their objectives of revenue creation. Rudaj Organization The most famous Albanian criminal organization was the Rudaj Organization . Soon after he began his work as a correctional officer, Sandoval witnessed his first homicide at the Ellis I Unit. He did not complete his college education although he went farther than many Mexican Americans from this region. Either he comes out an old man or he doesnt come out at all. As a street gang, heavy activity has been reported in Austin, Texas, Corpus Christi, Texas, the Rio Grande Valley and the Dallas Fort Worth area. Sandoval contends that the door was kept unlocked and that he was framed because officials at the prison feared they would be held liable in Arredondos death (News Briefs, 1991). Palma Boys crew. Giuseppe Morello became the Capo di tutti capi (or boss of bosses ), but before long he and Ignazio Saietta were arrested and charged with counterfeiting in 1910. Loaded on March 15, 2003 by C.C. Additionally, many prison units were being constructed as the state and the rest of the country saw a rise in inmate populations. Texas Syndicate, a criminal organization whose members and associates engage in acts of violence, including murder, conspiracy to commit murder, extortion and narcotics distribution.. But they won't go near the Albanian mob. If the guard or staff member refused or rejected the task, the inmate(s) then informed them that they would notify prison administrators of previous favors (Bedard, 2013). The video of the event shocked the country and . Sandoval had lit the cigarette for newly befriended Armando Garcia (name changed) and another inmate named Vicente. The process had begun for Sandoval. (El Paso Times), On August 17, 1997, Texas Syndicate members murder Gerardo Garcia in the El Paso County Jail. Director Paul Greengrass Writer Paul Greengrass Stars James Nesbitt Tim Pigott-Smith Nicholas Farrell Carlos Rosas, a 31-year old from Dallas, a Texas Syndicate sergeant was tasked with the murder and fulfilled the hit for his prison gang, the Texas Syndicate. The method was also wed with ideas of race because prison gangs are primarily built within racial structures. This Albanian link seems to confirm that the Sacra Corona Unita and the Albanian Mafia are "partners" in Puglia/Italy and delegate several criminal activities". Un-published manuscript, Texas Department of Corrections, 1986. This process was an exploitative tactic that many prisoners faced and continue to face in prisons. (El Paso Times) App. 116th Street Crew The 116th Street crew, also known as the Uptown crew, is a powerful crew within the Genovese crime family. ), 1997), In 1990, the Mexikanemi and Texas Syndicate agree on a truce. Ortiz was the cellmate of John A. Hernandez, a high-ranking member of the Texas Syndicate. Once the guard had completed the innocuous task that was against the policies of the prisons, the inmate(s) continue to slowly press the guard or staff member into other obligations that eventually lead to illegal acts.